Excited vs. obligatory altruism

Further reading

Karnofsky, Holden (2013) Excited altruism, The GiveWell Blog, August 20 (updated 25 July 2016).

Singer, Peter (2015) The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically, New Haven: Yale University Press, ch. 8.

Excited and obligatory altruism, however, need not be mutually exclusive: one may regard the prospect of improving the lives of others as both a moral obligation and an exciting opportunity. Nor are these two perspectives jointly exhaustive. Nate Soares rejects obligatory altruism because «guilt"guilt and shame are poor motivators, and that self-imposed obligations are often harmful»harmful", but he also rejects excited altruism because «Lives"Lives hang in the balance. The entire future hangs in the balance. To call this an "exciting opportunity"'exciting opportunity' rings false.»"^[4]

Even if one thinks that there is ultimately a requirement to help others effectively, the motivation to act on this requirement may derive from a feeling of excitement more than from than a sense of duty. Conversely, some effective altruists may find the sense of duty deeply motivating despite judging that there is ultimately no reason—besides personal inclination—to engage in acts of altruism; Brian Tomasik is one effective altruist who exemplifies this approach.

Holden Karnofsky (Karnofsky 2013; see also Sotala 2014) offers a clear articulation of the excited altruist perspective:^[1][2]

Peter Singer (Singer 2015: 93),^[3] perhaps the most prominent exponent of obligatory altruism, wonders what would Karnofsky do

Excited and obligatory altruism, however, need not be mutually exclusive: one may regard the prospect of improving the lives of others as both a moral obligation and an exciting opportunity. Nor are these two perspectives jointly exhaustive. Nate Soares rejects obligatory altruism because «guilt and shame are poor motivators, and that self-imposed obligations are often harmful», but he also rejects excited altruism because «Lives hang in the balance. The entire future hangs in the balance. To call this an "exciting opportunity" rings false.» (Soares 2015)^[4]

Data about the relative prevalence of excited and obligatory altruism in the effective altruism community is scarce. An informal Facebook poll (n = 68) from 2015 found that 57% of effective altruists viewed EA primarily as an obligation, whereas 43% viewed it primarily as an opportunity (Gordon-Brown 2015).opportunity.^[5]

BibliographyRelated entries

Gordon-Brown, Alexander (2015) Effective altruism: duty or opportunity?altruistic motivation, Effective Altruism Facebook Group. | demandingness of morality

1. ^{^}

   Karnofsky, Holden (2016)(2013) Excited altruism, The GiveWell Blog, August 20 (updated 25 July 25.2016).

2. ^{^}

   See also Sotala, Kaj (2014) Effective altruism as the most exciting cause in the world, Effective Altruism Forum, September 26.

3. ^{^}

   Singer, Peter (2015) The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically, New Haven: Yale University Press.Press, p. 93.

4. ^{^}

   Soares, Nate (2015) Altruistic motivations, Minding Our Way, August 2.

5. ^{^}

   Sotala, Kaj (2014)Gordon-Brown, Alexander (2015) Effective altruism as the most exciting cause in the worldaltruism: duty or opportunity?, Effective Altruism ForumFacebook Group, September 26..

   Related entries

   altruistic motivation | demandingness of morality

Related entries

altruistic motivation | demandingness of morality

Gordon-Brown, Alexander (2015) Effective altruism: duty or opportunity?, Effective altruismAltruism Facebook groupGroup.

Karnofsky, Holden (2016) Excited altruism, The GiveWell blogBlog, July 25.

Singer, Peter (2015) The most good you can do: how effective altruism is changing ideas about living ethicallyMost Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically, New Haven: Yale University Press.

Soares, Nate (2015) Altruistic motivations, Minding our wayOur Way, August 2.

Sotala, Kaj (2014) Effective altruism as the most exciting cause in the world, Effective altruism forumAltruism Forum, September 26.

Gordon-Brown, Alexander Gordon-Brown (2015) Effective Altruism: Dutyaltruism: duty or Opportunity?opportunity?, Effective altruism Facebook group.

Karnofsky, Holden Karnofsky (2013)(2016) Excited altruism, The GiveWell blog, July 25.

Singer, Peter Singer (2015) The most good you can dodo: how effective altruism is changing ideas about living ethically, ch. 9New Haven: Yale University Press.

Soares, Nate Soares (2015) Altruistic motivations, Minding our way, August 2.

Excited altruism and obligatory altruism are two contrasting views about the link between ethics andreasons for engaging in effective altruism. According to obligatory altruism, we should act altruistically because this is what morality requires of us; failing to do so would be morally wrong. By contrast, excited altruism stresses that being able to make a significant difference in the life of others is an exciting opportunity. On this approach, emphasis is given to the fact that altruistic actions can have a large positive impact on others, as well as improving the altruist’s own life.

Holden Karnofsky (Karnofsky 2013; see also Sotala 2014) offers a clear articulation of the excited altruist perspective:

Critics of effective altruism worry that we’re trying to choose causes based on calculations about how to help the world as much as possible, rather than based on what causes excite us… I think such people fundamentally misunderstand effective altruism. I think they imagine that we have passions for particular causes, and are trying to submerge our passions in the service of rationality. That isn’t the case. Rather, effective altruism is what we are passionate about. We’re excited by the idea of making the most of our resources and helping others as much as possible.

Peter Singer (Singer 2015: 93), perhaps the most prominent exponent of obligatory altruism, wonders what would Karnofsky do

if he were to wake up one morning and find he has a passion for working in a soup kitchen and little passion for his work at GiveWell. Would he go and work at the soup kitchen, even though he would do much more good if he continued to work at GiveWell? In response Holden said he found it difficult to engage with a hypothetical question that involved such a fundamental transformation, but added, “I would have a tough decision and would have a real chance of opting for the soup kitchen.” Why, though, is this even a tough decision? Why does Holden not say simply, “Yes, of course, then I would work at the soup kitchen”? Because, I suggest, reason is playing a role in his decision making, as it should.

Excited and obligatory altruism, however, need not be mutually exclusive: one may regard the prospect of improving the lives of others as both a moral obligation and an exciting opportunity. Nor are these two perspectives jointly exhaustive. Nate Soares rejects obligatory altruism because «guilt and shame are poor motivators, and that self-imposed obligations are often harmful», but he also rejects excited altruism because «Lives hang in the balance. The entire future hangs in the balance. To call this an "exciting opportunity" rings false.» (Soares 2015)

Even if one thinks that there is ultimately a requirement to help others effectively, the motivation to act on this requirement may derive from a feeling of excitement more than from than a sense of duty. Conversely, some effective altruists may find the sense of duty deeply motivating despite judging that there is ultimately no reason—besides personal inclination—to engage in acts of altruism; Brian Tomasik is one effective altruist who exemplifies this approach.

Data about the relative prevalence of excited and obligatory altruism in the effective altruism community is scarce. An informal Facebook poll (n = 68) from 2015 found that 57% of effective altruists viewed EA primarily as an obligation, whereas 43% viewed it primarily as an opportunity (Gordon-Brown 2015).

Bibliography

Alexander Gordon-Brown (2015) Effective Altruism: Duty or Opportunity?

Holden Karnofsky (2013) Excited altruism

Peter Singer (2015) The most good you can do, ch. 9

Nate Soares (2015) Altruistic motivations

Sotala, Kaj (2014) Effective altruism as the most exciting cause in the world, Effective altruism forum, September 26.

Excited altruism and obligatory altruism are two contrasting views about the link between ethics and effective altruism. According to obligatory altruism, we should act altruistically because this is what morality requires of us; failing to do so would be morally wrong. By contrast, excited altruism stresses that being able to make a significant difference in the life of others is an exciting opportunity. On this approach, emphasis is given to the fact that altruistic actions can have a large positive impact on others, as well as improving the altruist’s own life.