75:I[392826,["$2","$3","$4","$5","$6","$7","$8","$9","$a","$b","$c","$d","$2a","$2b"],"default"] 76:I[836637,["$2","$3","$4","$5","$6","$7","$8","$9","$a","$b","$c","$d","$2a","$2b"],"default"] 77:T427,

Kieran Greig is the President at Rethink Priorities. He works with the Leadership Team to advise on Rethink Priorities’ strategy and execution, at all levels. Prior to that, he was the Director of Research for Farmed Animal Funders, a group of large donors who each give over $250,000 annually to end factory farming. He previously worked as a researcher at Animal Charity Evaluators, and prior to that was a co-founder of Charity Entrepreneurship and Charity Science Health. He has written about topics like improving the welfare of farmed fish and supporting plant-based alternatives to animal products. He has a B. Sc. from Monash University and a Masters from La Trobe University.

78:T7a3,

Neil Dullaghan is a Senior Program Officer at the Effective Altruism Animal Welfare Fund, where he has worked as a part-time fund manager since 2022. In that role he sets the fund's grantmaking strategy and ensures systems are in place to execute it. He’s also the author of The Compassion Mandate: Remaking the European Union’s leadership on farmed animal welfare.

Previously, he worked at Rethink Priorities (2018-2025) in the animal welfare team as a Senior researcher and Senior research manager, with an expertise in European Union farmed animal policy.

He holds a PhD in Political & Social Science from the European University Institute, an MPhil in European Politics & Society from the University of Oxford and a BA in International Relations from Dublin City University.

He has volunteered for Charity Science Health & Animal Charity Evaluators, was a political data manager for WeVoteUSA while it participated in Fast Forward's accelerator for tech nonprofits, held numerous research assistant positions at the University of Oxford, and acted as Strategy Associate for a behavioural science think tank, The Decision Lab.

https://www.howilearnedtoloveshrimp.com/podcast/episode/7bd09f8a/neil-dullaghan-on-his-research-on-the-importance-of-influencing-eu-policy-and-other-important-research-topics-that-rethink-priorities-have-produced

79:T475,

I co-lead grantmaking strategy and execution at the Effective Altruism Animal Welfare Fund. We find and fund the most impactful efforts to end factory farming, improve farmed animal welfare, and tackle neglected causes of animal suffering worldwide.

Previously, I directed advising for major foundations and donors on philanthropic strategy and grantmaking for farmed animals at Senterra Funders, led an international corporate engagement team in securing global corporate animal welfare policies from food companies at Mercy For Animals, and negotiated corporate animal welfare policies at The Humane League. To support the wider animal protection movement, I have mentored and trained organizations around the world in corporate outreach techniques and strategy, spoken at international animal protection and effective altruism conferences, and authored law journal and philanthropic magazine articles.

I hold a Master of Food and Agriculture Law and Policy degree with distinction from Vermont Law School. I received my bachelor’s degree in Biology and Environmental Studies from the University of Colorado Boulder.

7a:T5c0,

Hello! I'm Toby. I'm the EA Forum Product Lead at CEA. I'm responsible for the EA Forum's success.

You'll see me posting a lot, authoring the EA Newsletter and curating Forum Digests, making moderator comments and decisions, and more. I'm the person to reach out to with feature requests, complaints, suggestions, etc...

Outside of work, I'm hosting a podcast with my friend Frances: The World Can Be Better, and writing blogposts on anything I feel like.

Before working at CEA, I studied Philosophy at the University of Warwick, and worked for a couple of years on a range of writing and editing projects within the EA space. I also helped run the Amplify Creative Grants program, to encourage more impactful podcasting and YouTube projects (the biggest success of the program was 'How I learned to love shrimp').

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  Center for Reducing Suffering (2021)..."},{"_id":"3yv56vTrjpGn79Pko","core":false,"name":"S-risk","slug":"s-risk","tagRel":{"_id":"ugfPdESxsfuncvo6C","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":189,"description":"
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  Here are some examples of fictional grants that the Long-Term Future Fund (LTFF) very narrowly rejected. Grants are fictionalized to preserve anonymity. They are examples of grants that were very close to our funding bar, but we couldn't fund due to insufficient resources. We hope that these examples are useful for donors and other community members to make an informed decision about which projects would be funded, given additional donations to LTFF.
  Three months ago, Linch and I..."},"group":null,"coauthors":[{"_id":"33FdNS7CjcfkFdsKE","slug":"linch","karma":28504,"deleted":false,"jobTitle":null,"username":"Linch","createdAt":"2015-12-21T21:21:36.402+00:00","postCount":83,"displayName":"Linch","commentCount":3014,"organization":"Forethought","biographyHtml":"","profileImageId":null}],"customHtmlHighlight":"","tags":[{"_id":"W3Wnemq6zoiXwSNiC","core":false,"name":"Thinking at the margin","slug":"thinking-at-the-margin","tagRel":{"_id":"xCGK5yJo2hu2DKySR","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":23,"description":"
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  Technical alignment..."},{"_id":"FchirE8G8ppqsc9Zy","core":false,"name":"Giving Season (2023)","slug":"giving-season-2023","tagRel":{"_id":"fxiKtuW6KGQajL6Th","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":66,"description":"
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  Related entries
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  Below is a fictionalized list of grants the Long-term Future Fund (LTFF) narrowly rejected or accepted in the last 6 months. We aim to broadly convey which grants we barely rejected, while anonymizing any individual one. It follows our previous two posts on marginal grantmaking, from August a..."},"group":null,"coauthors":[{"_id":"z9YQK84zJTvjmWRNZ","slug":"calebp","karma":6080,"deleted":false,"jobTitle":null,"username":"calebp","createdAt":"2018-10-16T00:05:32.996+00:00","postCount":20,"displayName":"calebp","commentCount":502,"organization":null,"biographyHtml":"","profileImageId":null}],"customHtmlHighlight":"","tags":[{"_id":"FdbA8vts5JPKCEou8","core":false,"name":"Long-term future","slug":"long-term-future","tagRel":{"_id":"zcyJMefpYHe2ReCKq","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":302,"description":"
  The long-term future focuses on possible ways in which the future of humanity may unfold over long timescales.
  Bostrom's typology of possible scenarios
  Nick Bostrom has identified four broad possibilities for the future of humanity...."},{"_id":"Y4EZpMvesbfYoCMjC","core":false,"name":"Effective Altruism Funds","slug":"effective-altruism-funds","tagRel":{"_id":"ht8huH6QBehJAZtf5","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":160,"description":"
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  Governments and philanthropists spend considerable resources attempting to do good in the world...."},{"_id":"L6NqHZkLc4xZ7YtDr","core":true,"name":"Effective giving","slug":"effective-giving","tagRel":{"_id":"hBTEAbXF3fe6JaGYh","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":2405,"description":"
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  The Long-Term Future Fund (LTFF) was an expert-managed fund focused on mitigating global catastrophic risks that threaten the long-term future of humanity, with a..."},{"_id":"W3Wnemq6zoiXwSNiC","core":false,"name":"Thinking at the margin","slug":"thinking-at-the-margin","tagRel":{"_id":"d4RdoRHrd6ZF27jnA","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":23,"description":"
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  Although people spend more time on their jobs than on any other activity besides sleep—about 80,000 hours over the course of a typical life..."},{"_id":"Dvs6cEeHqvRvAfG2c","core":false,"name":"Marginal Funding Week (2024)","slug":"marginal-funding-week-2024","tagRel":{"_id":"D7EjmDGMxNjFvbcgo","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":55,"description":"
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  Giving Season 2024 ran from November 4th to December 31st. The Forum looked seasonably pretty, and ran several mini-events, including an interactive donation election, a marginal funding week, a donation celebration, and multiple AMAs.
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  Worked on suffering-focused ethics → author of Minimalist Axiologies: Alternatives to ‘Good Minus Bad’ Views of Value. You can also read it on the forum here.
  I have MA and BA degrees in psychology, with minors in mathematics, cognitive science, statistics, computer science, and analytic philosophy.
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  First published in 2022. Revised in 2024. Chapter 5 in the book “Minimalist Axiologies: Alternatives to ‘Good Minus Bad’ Views of Value”.
  Readable as a standalone post.
  1. Overview and scope
  This chapter addresses concerns regarding the implications of minimalist views in relation to the following questions:
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  Naive consequentialism is the view that, to comply with the requirements of consequentialism, an agent should at all times be motivated to perform the act that consequentialism requires. By contrast, sophisticated consequentialism holds th..."},{"_id":"SM397hQ6A9wiDrD3e","core":false,"name":"Population ethics","slug":"population-ethics","tagRel":{"_id":"AndnbwrLp4aYKPGac","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":215,"description":"
  Population ethics is the branch of normative ethics that attempts to justify and articulate principles for making choices between alternatives involving different people. These differences can consist of changes either in the number of people affected or only in the identities of these people...."},{"_id":"bbRb4H4S6BhK84x24","core":false,"name":"Axiology","slug":"axiology","tagRel":{"_id":"CMMyvS4BzyR3Y9Wfx","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":56,"description":"
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  Combining consequentialism with welfarism—the view that well-being is the only source of value—yields..."},{"_id":"3yv56vTrjpGn79Pko","core":false,"name":"S-risk","slug":"s-risk","tagRel":{"_id":"JyybFTEaWonJMGiHm","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":189,"description":"
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  80,000 Hours rates s-risks a \"potential highes..."},{"_id":"8rQysEeqxtuBqr5Ya","core":false,"name":"Ethics of existential risk","slug":"ethics-of-existential-risk","tagRel":{"_id":"LnAyEyBoqjBQb6EmP","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":47,"description":"
  The ethics of existential risk is the study of the ethical issues related to existential risk, including questions of how bad an existential catastrophe would be, how good it is to reduce existential risk, why those things are as bad or good as they are, and how this differs between different..."},{"_id":"CGjF5aeqYM45MQyPt","core":false,"name":"Suffering-focused ethics","slug":"suffering-focused-ethics","tagRel":{"_id":"WHgLMuRtzeD6qMhXd","voteType":null,"baseScore":6},"postCount":145,"description":"
  Suffering-focused ethics is a family of views in normative ethics that assign primary moral importance to the alleviation of suffering. Negative utilitarianism is one example of a s..."},{"_id":"6CyJuFdYiwhmxRaFA","core":false,"name":"Welfarism","slug":"welfarism","tagRel":{"_id":"duH23rixoPHaprG4y","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":20,"description":"
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  Dalton, Max & Jonas Volmer (2018)..."},{"_id":"65WH2M6HfT9x4BD2v","core":false,"name":"Center for Reducing Suffering","slug":"center-for-reducing-suffering","tagRel":{"_id":"wh8RrW9WiNd9yoKzL","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":45,"description":"
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  Dalton, Max & Jonas Volmer (2018)..."},{"_id":"W3Wnemq6zoiXwSNiC","core":false,"name":"Thinking at the margin","slug":"thinking-at-the-margin","tagRel":{"_id":"tQBgsDvpQvmBYEZmK","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":23,"description":"
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  BSc Econometrics and Operations Research (focus: econometrics)
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  — for example with Leverage, as featured in Will MacAskill’s What We Owe the Future.
  
  The second bullet point featured in the website introduction to effective altruism is the ITN framework. This exists to prioritize problems. The framework does so by considering the Importance — or scale, S — of a problem, as the number of people or quality-adjusted life y..."},"group":null,"coauthors":null,"customHtmlHighlight":"","tags":[{"_id":"aFJtBqxDkRX4Dj3m4","core":false,"name":"Community epistemic health","slug":"community-epistemic-health","tagRel":{"_id":"JTQbkt83qBLGZAjw2","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":205,"description":"
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  Christiano, Paul (2014)..."},{"_id":"ee66CtAMYurQreWBH","core":true,"name":"Existential risk","slug":"existential-risk","tagRel":{"_id":"f53EQRkKB2HPrJEsK","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":4358,"description":"
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  Jonathan Harris, PhD | jonathan@total-portfolio.org
  \n
  Total Portfolio Project's goal is to help altruistic investors prioritize the most impactful funding opportunities, whether that means grants, investing to give or impact investments. Projects we've completed range from theoretical research (like in this post), to advising on high impact investment deals, to strategic research on balancing give now versus later for new major donors.
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  At the recent EA Global, Will MacAskill called for the community to be ambitious and aim for non-marginal impacts. Ben Todd of 80,000 hours has also made ambition a theme, especially in regards to career choice. In this post, I develop some key ideas that seem important for prioritizing ambitious f..."},"group":null,"coauthors":null,"customHtmlHighlight":"","tags":[{"_id":"mMC3LEMAJWx4FbHW3","core":false,"name":"Patient altruism","slug":"patient-altruism","tagRel":{"_id":"8D2RCnfmqRhPwCGXM","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":91,"description":"
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  Todd, Benjamin (2021) Be more..."},{"_id":"FBTCnrdQp9aDa6AJ3","core":false,"name":"Timing of philanthropy","slug":"timing-of-philanthropy","tagRel":{"_id":"JAccr9utecSzhj3TN","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":94,"description":"
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  investing | patient altruism
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  Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays to those who celebrate, and a Fun Friday to those who don’t! Today I want to talk about \"unknown knowns\" : \"obvious\" ideas that are actually hard to discuss because they're invisible when you don't have them, and then almost impossible to unsee when you do.
  There are a number of implicit concepts I have in my head that seem so obvious that I don’t even bother verbalizing them. At least, until it’s brought to my attention other people don’t share these..."},"group":null,"coauthors":null,"customHtmlHighlight":"","tags":[{"_id":"4eyeLKC64Yvznzt6Z","core":true,"name":"Philosophy","slug":"philosophy","tagRel":{"_id":"cxTz6Lr7wrJB8JxhL","voteType":null,"baseScore":3},"postCount":3593,"description":"
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  \n
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  CEA created this account to publish content for the EA Handbook.
  \n
  To take an online course that covers similar material, check out our virtual programs!
  \n"},"contents":{"wordCount":1,"htmlHighlight":""},"group":null,"coauthors":null,"customHtmlHighlight":"","tags":[{"_id":"W3Wnemq6zoiXwSNiC","core":false,"name":"Thinking at the margin","slug":"thinking-at-the-margin","tagRel":{"_id":"F8LsxerscaJA6JRTD","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":23,"description":"
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  Introduction:
  Hello! This is my first full post. My epistemic status is, uh, pretty uncertain. I think my reasoning is pretty basic and I really do not understand the relationship between price and demand and the possibility of marginally reducing demand through one's individual decisions in consuming one cut of meat versus another from the same animal. This post was partly inspired by..."},"group":null,"coauthors":null,"customHtmlHighlight":"","tags":[{"_id":"TteDwtS2DckL4kLpT","core":false,"name":"Farmed animal welfare","slug":"farmed-animal-welfare","tagRel":{"_id":"GddG5MgHamp5TEZzR","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":974,"description":"
  Over 60 billion land-dwelling animals are killed each year. The overwhelming majority of these animals are raised in factory farms, where conditions can involve \"intense confinement, inhibition of natural behaviors, untreated health issues, and numerous other causes of suffering\"...."},{"_id":"SByiorMd9eYR9rQjf","core":false,"name":"Ethics of personal consumption","slug":"ethics-of-personal-consumption","tagRel":{"_id":"9vhjvAXcsG7Rrhj6u","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":79,"description":"
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  Governments and philanthropists spend considerable resources attempting to do good in the world...."}]},{"_id":"HZhhHKnEgsonNQg7Q","slug":"future-people-might-not-exist","title":"Future people might not exist\n","url":null,"baseScore":18,"voteCount":16,"commentCount":0,"postedAt":"2022-11-30T19:17:44.871Z","curatedDate":null,"frontpageDate":"2022-12-01T05:46:12.697Z","draft":false,"question":false,"isEvent":false,"groupId":null,"sticky":false,"eventImageId":null,"socialPreview":null,"socialPreviewImageAutoUrl":"https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/v1673889274/mirroredImages/HZhhHKnEgsonNQg7Q/mvgibymh8fuunwq6ajmo.png","readTimeMinutesOverride":null,"collabEditorDialogue":false,"disableRecommendation":false,"authorIsUnreviewed":false,"lastCommentedAt":"2022-11-30T19:17:44.871Z","sharingSettings":null,"shortform":false,"startTime":null,"onlineEvent":false,"googleLocation":null,"user":{"_id":"6eHutCwQfZDTh97Gx","slug":"indra-gesink","displayName":"Indra Gesink 🔸","username":"Indra","createdAt":"2017-08-19T16:02:56.355Z","profileImageId":"Profile/oiylbbqdftylggjeq1ui","karma":127,"jobTitle":"Co-founder and Organiser, Local Politics","organization":"Effective Altruism Tilburg, Party for the Animals","postCount":3,"commentCount":26,"deleted":false,"biographyHtml":"
  BSc Econometrics and Operations Research (focus: econometrics)
  MSc Systems Biology (focus: evolutionary game theory for adaptive cancer treatment)
  MSc Econometrics and Operations Research (focus: operations research, and math. econ. thesis regarding social influence and change)
  Premaster Executive Master in Actuarial Science
  Premaster and master Amsterdam Master in Actuarial Science
  
  Teaser essay bundle \"Ideas to Secure Our Future\":
  "},"contents":{"wordCount":1283,"htmlHighlight":"
  - discounting, and implications for cause prioritization
  
  Introduction
  This post works to acknowledge the fact that future people might not exist, within the act of cause prioritization. Doing so entails some form of discounting, with implications for cause prioritization, in particular for neglectedness – a part of the common ITN-framework [1].
  
  Model Setup
  I am trained as an economist instead of a philosopher. As such I will not..."},"group":null,"coauthors":null,"customHtmlHighlight":"","tags":[{"_id":"2rfqAu53iz9bbsZxH","core":false,"name":"Fanaticism","slug":"fanaticism","tagRel":{"_id":"JyMEMMAvzqfTe22Xf","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":54,"description":"
  Fanaticism is the apparent problem faced by moral theories that rank a minuscule probability of an arbitrarily large value above a guaranteed modest amount of value.^[1]..."},{"_id":"eSWSZv3oF6sydzD9L","core":false,"name":"ITN framework","slug":"itn-framework","tagRel":{"_id":"MJFCen2DJsjnwGike","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":86,"description":"
  The importance, tractability and neglectedness framework, or ITN framework for short, is a framework for estimating the value of allocating marginal resources to solving a problem based on its..."},{"_id":"gouqafb3g5bb6fuM7","core":false,"name":"Neglectedness","slug":"neglectedness","tagRel":{"_id":"XnsK8dHxY9hH2CzCe","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":59,"description":"
  The neglectedness of a problem (also called its uncrowdedness) is the amount of resources currently allocated to solving it. Neglectedness is one of the three factors in the ITN framework.
  Further reading
  Christiano, Paul (2014)..."},{"_id":"oEvBquSzz56ts7pEn","core":false,"name":"Moral philosophy","slug":"moral-philosophy","tagRel":{"_id":"dZA6L8SmwXxKbJpGh","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":970,"description":"
  Moral philosophy is discussed in effective altruism for a number of different reasons.
  In some cases, discussions about moral philosophy focus on related topics like:
  How can one..."},{"_id":"gP4rpeK3CoE7mfrxK","core":false,"name":"Criticism of longtermism and existential risk studies","slug":"criticism-of-longtermism-and-existential-risk-studies","tagRel":{"_id":"fvEWbQQ3TFKyG2dwT","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":180,"description":"
  Criticism of longtermism and existential risk studies collects critical discussions of longtermism and existential risk studies.
  Further reading
  Melchin, Denise (2021)..."},{"_id":"ee66CtAMYurQreWBH","core":true,"name":"Existential risk","slug":"existential-risk","tagRel":{"_id":"gKtDzZtkSAzmv3xcC","voteType":null,"baseScore":2},"postCount":4358,"description":"
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  Temporal discounting (also called time discounting) is the discounting of the value of a good the further into the future it is expected to be realized.
  People often think that we should value goods in the future less than goods now. We might discount the future for various reasons. For instance, we might..."},{"_id":"aFJtBqxDkRX4Dj3m4","core":false,"name":"Community epistemic health","slug":"community-epistemic-health","tagRel":{"_id":"sC56ufrMMYP93c6Ac","voteType":null,"baseScore":1},"postCount":205,"description":"
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Terminology

Bostrom's typology of possible scenarios

Related entries

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Further reading

Malevolence as a risk

Improving policy

Further reading

Evaluation

Evaluation

Further reading

Further reading

Related entries

Bostrom's typology of possible scenarios

Terminology

1. Overview and scope

Evaluation

Further reading

Further reading

Further reading

Further reading

Further reading

Further reading

Further reading

Further reading

Evaluation

Further reading

Further reading

— for example with Leverage, as featured in Will MacAskill’s What We Owe the Future.

Further reading

Related entries

Further reading

Related entries

Evaluation

Introduction:

- discounting, and implications for cause prioritization

Introduction

Model Setup

Further reading

Further reading