Fanaticism is the position that it's morally better to reject "a certainty of a moderately good outcome, such as one additional life saved" in favour of "a lottery which probably gives a worse outcome, but has a tiny probability of some vastly better outcome (perhaps trillions of additional blissful lives created)."[1] Some have argued that fanaticism should be rejected and that this might undermine the case for certain philosophical positions, such as longtermism.
See also Pascal's mugging.
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