All of SaraAzubuike's Comments + Replies

controversiality need not be extremely correlated with outrage. in fact, outrage can be very uncontroversial (school shooting). and controverisality is often productive (debate about X). my inclination is to trust the readership of this forum. promoting visibility to controversial posts will help people discuss ideas they've neglected. 

One reaction I've seen in several places, mostly outside EA, is something like, "this was obviously a fraud from the start, look at all the red flags, how could EAs have been so credulous?" I think this is mostly wrong: the red flags they cite (size of FTX's claimed profits, located in the Bahamas, involved in crypto, relatively young founders, etc.) are not actually strong indicators here. Cause for scrutiny, sure, but short of anything obviously wrong.

 

To make money, you not only have to be right, but be right at the right time. Imagine you predicte... (read more)

Thanks for taking the time to comment. The details of the interaction between Alameda and FTX were very hard to pinpoint. And the timing was such that it was very hard to profit off of the collapse, even if you were very skeptical of cryptocurrencies to begin with. Hence, the whole misplaced discussion on the forum of, "Institutional investors, who have a profit motive, didn't foresee this. How could we have?" For example, exchanges like Binance have not experienced similar meltdowns.  

But to make money, you not only have to be right, but be right at ... (read more)

The important thing is to design a system where it takes more work to a) post a lie b) refute the truth. And also, somehow design said system such that there is incentive to a) post the truth b) refute a lie, and importantly c) read/spread the truth. Whether this is by citations or a reputation-based voting system is beyond me but something I've been mulling over for quite some time.  

1
mako yass
1y
I guess prediction markets will help. Prediction markets about the judgements of readers is another thing I keep thinking about. Systems where people can make themselves accountable to Courts of Opinion by betting on their prospective judgements. Courts occasionally grab a comment and investigate it deeper than usual and enact punishment or reward depending on their findings. I've raised these sorts of concepts with lightcone as a way of improving the vote sorting (where we'd sort according to a prediction market's expectation of the eventual ratio between positive and negative reports from readers). They say they've thought about it.

I like to think that open exchange of ideas, if conducted properly, converges on the correct answer. Of course, the forum in which this exchange occurs is crucial, especially the systems and software. Compare the amount of truth that you obtain from BBC, Wikipedia, Stack Overflow, Kialo, Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, and EA forum. All of these have different methods of verifying truth. The beauty of a place like each of these is that with the exception of BBC, you can post whatever you want. 

But the inconvenient truth will be penalized in different ways.... (read more)

3
SaraAzubuike
1y
The important thing is to design a system where it takes more work to a) post a lie b) refute the truth. And also, somehow design said system such that there is incentive to a) post the truth b) refute a lie, and importantly c) read/spread the truth. Whether this is by citations or a reputation-based voting system is beyond me but something I've been mulling over for quite some time.  

I think a post on past frauds would be very welcome, although a list of reading recommendations would be equally helpful and would require less work for you. EA has a lot to learn from more diverse voices that are more experienced in management within large organizations.

1
Miguel
1y
Hi Sara, Thank you. I have created this post for a basic concept on fraud and how it occurs. I will add a post on your suggestion tomorrow outlining the best reading materials out there fraud, internal audit and governance to improve the knowledge base of EA on these areas. All the best, Miguel

But I'm concerned that they couldn't simply state why they believe AI is more important than climate change rather than do this over-complicated scheme.

Agree

Disagree here because I don't want to see an EA forum that values controversial posts.

Disagree. This is like saying, "Amazon shouldn't sort by 1 star, because otherwise it will get a bad reputation for selling bad products."

That's wrong. People still have the option of sorting by whatever they choose. But the forum should give more visibility to posts that break people out of their comfort zone, should they desire. 

1
Sharmake
1y
The reason I disagree is in my view, the internet already rewards controversiality and outrage way too much, and this is something that makes the EA forum much better because they avoid outrage and controversiality driving the process.

yes, I now think anonymity of the sort that I proposed is the wrong way of going about this. can you think of a better solution?

3
Miguel
1y
Hi Sara, Well the traditional approach is governance boards installed on publicly held corporations. Others utilize internal audits or operational audits so that there is a constant review of processes and controls.  Large scale fraud is built to be deceptive, it takes precaution and skill to avert these to be honest as what happened with SBP and FTX is not the first of this scale. I'm thinking of providing a post on past frauds of the same magnitude so that maybe the forum has a profile that it can sift through especially I'm speculating that the direction will be on the side of caution for EA organizations moving forward...You think that will be helpful? All the best, Miguel

I strongly agree with the spirit of the reforms being suggested here (although I might have some different opinions on how to implement it)

How would you do things differently?

2
Peter S. Park
1y
Mostly it was about Point 3. I think an unconditional norm of only accepting anonymous donations above a certain threshold would be too blunt. I think a version of Point 3 I would agree with is to have high-contributing donor names not be publicized as a norm (with some possible exceptions). I think this captures most of the benefits of an anonymous donation, and most potential donors who might not be willing to make an anonymous donation would be willing to make a discreet, non-publicized donation.

Sorry that the post came off as very harsh and accusatory tone. I mainly meant to express my exasperation with how the situation unfolded so quickly. I’m worried about the coming months and how that will affect the community and in the long term. 
Clearly, revealing who is donating is good for transparency. However, if donations were anonymized from the perspective of the recipients, I think that would help mitigate conflicts of interest. I think there needs to be more dialogue about how we can mitigate conflicts of interest, regardless of whether we a... (read more)

2
sawyer
1y
Thanks for the clarification. I agree that the FTX problems are clearly related to crypto being such a new unregulated area, and I was wrong to try to downplay that causal link. I don't think anonymized donations would help mitigate conflicts of interest. In fact I think it would encourage COIs, since donors could directly buy influence without anyone knowing they were doing so. Currently one of our only tools for identifying otherwise-undisclosed COIs is looking at flows of money. If billionaire A donates to org B, we have a norm that org B shouldn't do stuff that directly helps billionaire A. If that donation was anonymous, we wouldn't know that that was a situation in which the norm applied. There are some benefits of some level of anonymity in donations. For example, I dislike the practice of  universities putting a donor's name on a building in exchange for a large donation. Seems like an impressive level of hubris. I have more respect for donors who don't aggressively publicize their name in this way. However, I do think that these donations should still be available in public records. Donation anonymousness ranges from "put my name on the building" at one extreme to "actively obscure the source of the donation" at the other. I have more thoughts on donor transparency but I'll leave it there for now.

Ok, I’m not too clear about the legal perspective. I guess my main purpose is this post was to start a dialogue about how we could have avoided such a situation with some preliminary suggestions.

Yes, I don’t really care about getting credit for predicting this; I pointed out my previous post mainly to give credence to my suggestions. And based on the comments of other people, maybe anonymous donations or not the best, most feasible, nor most practical way to do things. But, given that EAs focus very much on catastrophic tail risks, it should be the case that we not become overly reliant on single donations or donations which generate such large conflicts of interest. I don't know what system would be best.

Apologies. Yes, thanks for reading and responding to my prior post. I believe I haven’t edited it since we last spoke in the comments section, but I did edit it when you pointed them out.

2
blonergan
1y
Thank you for your response. And I apologize for being defensive in my comment. And for not noticing your edits when they happened.

Hi, thanks for replying! I've made this into an EA forum post, instead because I'm afraid it'll get buried in the comments here. https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/9YodZj6J6iv3xua4f/another-ftx-post-suggestions-for-change

I've made this into a post on the forum, because I'm afraid it'll get buried in the comments here. Please comment on the forum post instead.

https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/9YodZj6J6iv3xua4f/another-ftx-post-suggestions-for-change

I suggested that we would have trouble with FTX and funding around 6 months ago.  

SBF has been giving lots of money to EA. He admits it's a massively speculative bubble. Crypto crash hurts the most vulnerable, because poor uneducated people put lots of money into it (Krugman). Crypto is currently small, but should be

... (read more)
9
Sharmake
1y
Being honest, I do genuinely think that climate change is less important than runaway AI, primarily because of both option value issues and the stakes of the problem. One is a big problem that could hurt or kill millions, while AI could kill billions. But I'm concerned that they couldn't simply state why they believe AI is more important than climate change rather than do this over-complicated scheme. Disagree, this would make transparency worse without providing much benefit. Disagree here because I don't want to see an EA forum that values controversial posts.

agree with this. ea forum ideas shouldn't have to be polished. the more platforms we use, the less easy it is to find everything. 

I mean, ok, to be more technical SBF is "charging commissions to people in the ponzi and trading against them"

This is like being the owner of a casino, which is itself a perhaps benign thing. Let's say poor uneducated people lose billions of dollars of wealth at said casino. Regardless of the casino owner's admitting that his business is a speculative bubble or a ponzi scheme or whatever, he's still profiting off of peoples' losses at said casino. 

most crypto projects are at least trying to do something.

But whether something amounts to anything... (read more)

2
Max_Daniel
2y
This Open Phil blog post is interesting in this context. (Though note in this case the underlying wealth change was, I believe, not driven by crypto and instead mostly by the bear market for tech stocks.)
3
blonergan
2y
On future funding flows, I specifically said "[i]n the event of a crypto crash, fewer new projects would be funded, and the bar for continuing to fund existing projects would be higher," so I don't think we disagree about that. But I disagree with the "lots of good projects (would) have to be ended" statement in your original post.

don't see where you get the 99.9% number, but yes, it does seem crypto is commonly used in scams.

I think this ignores the central thesis of this post. 

7
DC
1y
Your post was right, to understate it, and I was oblivious. I didn't read very closely, I arrogantly substitution heuristic'd your claims for general anti-crypto takes, and didn't think about the actual risks you were noticing. I didn't become curious about using this as a launch point for noticing ways that FTX could collapse. There was a low chance I could have personally done anything constructive if I had, but I contributed to our cultural problem that prevented us from noticing this more clearly.

Perhaps it was intentionally provocative, but from the transcript of the interview, you can read SBF admitting that cryptocurrencies are like a useless box that gains value because other people want to profit off of said useless box...

current EA spending is a small percentage of EA wealth

I would tend to disagree. This is like saying to an individual that donates 5% of their income that since 5% of annual income is a small percentage of their total wealth (which might include their house and other assets) that a 90% decline in their income would not affect ... (read more)

3
blonergan
2y
I've listened to SBF on several podcasts, and I haven't gotten the impression that he thinks all cryptocurrencies are useless. I would recommend this one in particular  https://clearerthinkingpodcast.com/episode/038. I'm personally skeptical about the value of cryptocurrencies (relative to their current valuation), and my opinion on some things differs from SBF's, but I find him to be one of the few people who work in the crypto space that articulate balanced and insightful views on crypto.  Also, SBF did not use the work "Ponzi." That was Matt Levine's interpretation. I think what SBF was describing would be better characterized as a speculative bubble, since "Ponzi" implies an intent to defraud. A well intentioned founder might have a crypto-based idea they are excited about. If investors/speculators bid the value of their coin/token to unreasonable values, that doesn't mean the founder has devised a Ponzi scheme. Note that SBF said "ignore what it does or pretend it does literally nothing" about the "box," which implies that he thinks most crypto projects are at least trying to do something. I would respectfully recommend editing your post where it says that SBF admitted cryptocurrencies are a Ponzi scheme. I believe strongly that it is not accurate as stated. As for current EA spending vs. wealth, I think we are in a situation where, as a rough guess, 40% of EA wealth is in crypto, and current spending is 2-3% of wealth. If the crypto portion were mostly wiped out, current levels could be sustained by donors who are less invested in crypto. In the event of a crypto crash, fewer new projects would be funded, and the bar for continuing to fund existing projects would be higher, but I think non-crypto donors would step up to continue to fund projects that are going reasonably well. In the meantime, there is benefit from funding some new things and learning about what works well. If current spending were 5% of wealth, and if it seemed unlikely that new EA-aligned

I don't like how all the comments basically reiterate that smart people have more impact. Of course smart people do. But one avenue for EA to actually make a difference--is to appeal to the masses. For policy to change, you have to appeal to the body politic. And for that, we do need a diverse range of skillsets from people that are much different than the average EA (for example, having more super-social salesperson types in EA would be a net positive for EA)

I refer you to Toby's piece, from Larks's reply to this post. 

However, while many cases of spontaneous abortion do indeed result from chromosomal defects, this is not enough to undermine the main argument in this article. There are several reasons for this. First, it is important to note that some chromosomal defects are non-fatal, such as Down syn- drome (which involves three copies of chromosome 21). We rightly value people with Down syndrome and so, if the Claim is correct, we should also value and protect embryos with similar chromosomal abnormali

... (read more)

My bad, I meant to say, "If we can all agree to care about human beings that are already in existence, what then matters is what counts as a human being." The split between many EAs is just as you say -- some care about future lives a lot; some don't. However, I think what we all can agree upon is that humans that exist now are extremely important. Thus, what then matters is what counts as a human being.

Hey, thanks for the reply. I had read Toby's piece some time ago, but didn't cite it because I couldn't find it. Now editing the original. Overall, I think Toby's article is very pertinent, but potentially wrong. The very fact that many people do not support the "Conclusion" implies that there is a prevailing problem with the way people perceive the consequences of what they actually believe. 

"The argument then, is as follows. The embryo has the same moral status as an adult human (the Claim). Medical studies show that more than 60% of all people are

... (read more)

Thanks for the link. It's good to get a sense of the scale of things. I hadn't realized that induced abortions were such a large number.

The reason I wanted to use the "human" bit was that I think the argument about "potential" is flawed. If we care about depriving the future potential of something, then we would oppose girls education on the basis that it reduces fertility (i.e. potential human beings). See https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/YSz8JsCi3u7fupWHX/is-ea-just-about-population-growth.

If we care only about human beings that are already in e... (read more)

4
Larks
2y
I think most people do care about future generations - if they didn't, people probably wouldn't worry very much about climate change, for example, as the vast majority of the costs are >100 years out. Equally I think most people would reject a trade that gave someone currently alive $1, in return for a baby being born into terrible pain in a year's time. Longtermist EAs are outliers in how much they care about future generations, but I don't think most people care literally zero.

Hey, thanks for answering my post. Means a lot, especially since you seem to be more familiar with philosophy than me. 

"Total utilitarians care about intrinsic value of outcomes."
- But a) death is painful b) death is the loss of future life c) parents grieve over miscarriages just as people grieve over the loss of a friend.

"Embryos must have an interest in continued existence."
- Hm, but I argue this is a temporary state. Say I give that mother nutrition and I wait 9 months. That embryo now has an interest in continued existence. In a similar vein, sui... (read more)

2
MichaelStJules
2y
It isn't a temporary state if the embryo dies, though, so this seems to reduce back to a potentiality argument, if we're using a standard based on sentience for moral status. A suicidal person may have an interest in continued existence that is contingent on them becoming better off. They may rank outcomes as status quo < death < happiness.
2
Denkenberger
2y
Relevant: Where Are the Pro-Life Utilitarians?

Didn't they also write in Poor Economics that a basic meal would include many bananas and eggs? Ideally, you would tailor the food to what is available and cheap in the region. This constrained optimization problem (minimize costs while maintaining a certain amounts of nutrition groups) is something many nutritionists do, especially those that are in charge of providing balanced meals for the elderly. I can imagine doing the same for the prices of food.