All of Lakin's Comments + Replies

oh cool!  (Also I'm glad you proactively acknowledge the eg saturated fat)

Also, are there risks to over-reduction in salt intake?

Hmmmm. I'm suspicious is because it doesn't make any sense for anyone to decide what's best for me. (Sure, educate me instead, whatever.) (I'm particularly suspicious of this because of the discourse I've seen around proposed 'meat taxes', typically pedaled by people who think the climate and nutritional (and ethical) effects are far worse than I think they are. So I'm worried about the same thing here.)

Couple things (I've only skimmed the post):

  1. How certain are you that increased sodium consumption causes hypertension? (I'm skeptical of this personally)
    1. (Do prediction markets exist on this? Could you make one?)
  2. How certain are you that decreasing increased sodium consumption causes not less hypertension, but also less mortality/more DALYs overall?  Some interventions are backwards like this. (E.g. Limiting sun exposure fairly certainly decreases skin cancer, but it also might fairly significantly increase mortality, on net)
  3. Why specifically taxation, in
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4
Joel Tan
1y
(1) & (2) The Cochrane reviews/GBD results (e.g. https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f1325 on sodium/hypertension and https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2596292 on hypertension/DALYs) and the scientific consensus more generally seems fairly compelling to be, and while I wouldn't rule out all this being wrong (e.g. the saturated fat issue), it seems fairly reasonable/prudent to deprioritize research into this area of uncertainty relative to others. (3) Taxation is highly effective, because if affects massive numbers of people are low to no additional counterfactual cost. CEAs that I've run myself (or that Charity Entrepreneurship has done) on tobacco/alcohol taxation, plus the extremely strong underlying epidemiological/economic research on the price elasticity of demand for tobacco/alcohol, all reinforces this point. I'm fairly sympathetic to the freedom of choice argument. Quick calculations I've done on this area suggest that under fairly plausible moral weights of freedom to smoke/drink etc, (a) it's welfare negative to legally ban alcohol/smoking (even leaving aside the black market effects and assuming these taxes work perfectly, which of course they won't); however (b) aggressive taxes while keeping the product legal generally pass the cost-benefit analysis test. See CEARCH's evaluative framework for our treatment of moral weights for freedom, or examples of BOTECs/CEAs where tax policies are evaluated based on both health and freedom considerations.

Are you thinking that the community should consider collectively insuring against the risk of a megadonor going underwater in the future?

Yeah something like that. Just trying to think of a way to make a market out of due-diligence. 

Is there an insurance product that covers clawbacks? 

3
milkyway
1y
Perhaps another EA donor could sign something guaranteeing to reimburse FF grantees in the event of clawbacks?  I imagine a lot of people are now in the awkward situation of having money in their bank that they want to spend on projects but are hesitant to because it might be clawed back at some unknown time in the next 2 years. Counter-argument: With less EA funding now available the bar on grant applications needs to be shifted higher, so all FF grantees shouldn't be funded now.  The money could be spent better elsewhere. Counter-counter-argument: If you're insuring pre-vetted grants (so no additional work for grant evaluators), there's only a 10-30% chance (wild guess) that you  pay out on the insurance guarantees, possibly several years down the line and you get second order positive effects via encouraging future EA project founders to take risks... maybe those multiples shift these clawback guarantees back above the line? (Disclosure: I'm a FF grant recipient so very biased) EDIT: I no longer endorse the idea above. One thing I hadn't understood was that in this kind of situation preference and fraudulent transfer claims usually  involve the two parties working out a settlement rather than litigating. Having a guarantee in place would change the dynamics of those negotiations.
2
Jason
1y
Probably, although I imagine this would be a custom product for a charitable entity. The closest concepts I can think of are trade credit insurance [https://icisa.org/trade-credit-insurance/] and credit default swaps. Are you thinking that the community should consider collectively insuring against the risk of a megadonor going underwater in the future? That would be an interesting idea. I am doubtful that an insurer would be interested in writing such a policy for a single grantee seeking protection for a single megadonor in the low millions or below -- too much due dilligence would be necessary for the potential profit.

Hm, how could this interact with hypothetical clawbacks?

E.g.

  1. your org has $0
  2. your org receives $100 from FTXF, now your org has $100
  3. your org spends $50 of that money, and then decides to stop
  4. your org receive $10 from Nonlinear, now your org has $60
  5. the clawback effort comes to your org and says "hey we need $100". org say "I don't have $100, I only have $50"
  6. Does the clawback effort then say "No actually you have $60, we're taking all $60" because of money fungibility?
-5
Davidmanheim
1y
1
Aleks_K
1y
I don't really understand the specific situation your describing, and this is not legal advice, but I think in general one can say that if how much money "your org" has (wherever they get it from) shouldn't really influence the size or validity of a hypothetical clawback claim, but it of course might influence if the claim is persued and how much money the claimer might actually be able to get from "your org".
0
Jason
1y
There is probably way too much in the air for anyone to answer your question, especially at that level of generality. This is a opportunity for bridge funding, so presumably the grantee would have spent additional funds in the amount of the bridge grant that they would not have spent otherwise. So the risk that Nonlinear's generosity ends up in the bankruptcy estate somehow seems acceptable to me given the strong argument for the program, the amounts involved, and the low likelihood of clawback litigation against small grantees in the very near term (there are bigger fish for the estate to go after first).
4
Guy Raveh
1y
I do think this is a good question, but on the other hand clawbacks will take months or years to happen. If an org expects to hold on to this money for that much time, emergency funding should probably be directed elsewhere.

The title of this made me think "ways to buy time [with money in your personal life]" rather than "ways to buy time [in AI safety]"

Animals do this intuitively:

Pigeons were presented with two buttons in a Skinner box, each of which led to varying rates of food reward. The pigeons tended to peck the button that yielded the greater food reward more often than the other button, and the ratio of their rates to the two buttons matched the ratio of their rates of reward on the two buttons

Matching Law

I'm glad you wrote this! I was worried about your previous post, and was thinking about writing something on this dimension myself.

It's funny: this could've been mostly avoided by a consideration of Chesterton's Fence and the EMH? ("If AGENCY was so good, why wouldn't everyone do it?")

Anyways, I'm now worried about e.g. high school summer camp programs that prioritize the development of unbalanced agency.

2
Evie
2y
Thanks for your comment! Meh, I don't think so. This taken to its extreme looks like "be normie." I'm pretty confident that (for ESPR at least) this was a one off fluke! I'm not worried about this happening again (see gavin's comment above).

Thank you for writing about what pushed me away from the EA community. The force to make all else instrumental. Best of luck

I've known many EAs. Many have been vegan and many have not (I'm not). I've never seen anyone "treat [someone] as non-serious (or even evil)" based on their diet.

I've had this happen fwiw.

I've had pushback about not being vegan/vegetarian, but I perceive it to be a thing a small fraction of EAs push other people on rather than a general norm.

7
Sophia
2y
I've upvoted because I think it is valuable to share this kind of experience. I think sometimes this sort of thing can be subtle and sometimes not-so-subtle and either way, it still can be very unpleasant. I feel like I very well could have made people feel judged without meaning to (I hope not though).

Huh. I'm sorry. I hope that experience isn't representative of EA.

Hm… of 7.4% of students who are familiar with EA, only 17.6% of those students (1.3%/7.3%) are pro-EA and 82% are not. What fraction did we expect here?

3
Engelhardt
2y
I didn't make any prediction beforehand so take this with a grain of salt, but it didn't sound too surprising to me? I feel like when pitching EA during  uni freshers fair roughly 1 in 4 people I talk to are sympathetic enough to want to sign up to mailing list and similar. So 17.6% doesn't sound too far off from that vague estimate 

There's a weird detail I see in this post that seems to overemphasize the campaign's success:

Yes, Carrick lost. But he came in second out of nine, despite several factors pushing pretty strongly against him. Had things shaken out differently on a few key factors, he could have won.

and

So the fact that Carrick came in second, despite several (in the future, mostly avoidable) factors strongly pushing against him, and no comparable unique factors pushing in his favor, makes me more optimistic about the prospects of any future EAs who decide to run. To be concr

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Can confirm that other groups/subcultures have begun to see EA as a deceitful cult because of stuff like this

4
Ondřej Kubů
2y
More detail, please.

Which stuff in particular?

I've seen people make these complaints about EA since it first came to exist. 

As EA becomes bigger and better-known, I expect to see a higher volume of complaints even if the average person's impression remains the same/gets a bit better (though I'm not confident that's the case either).

This includes groups with no prior EA contact learning about it and deciding they don't like it — but I think they'd have had the same reaction at any point in EA's history.

Are there notable people or groups whose liking/trust of EA has, in your view, gone down over time?

One of the best passive impact examples I know is Eneasz Brodski's recording of HPMoR. (Also, can we retroactively reward this?)

update: Eneasz has confirmed that there has not been

ah, yes, this is the obvious thing to do. Ty, I've messaged him over email and facebook.

update: he has confirmed that there has not been

have you tried starting first with having the schedule that's probably going to happen? Consider it a prediction rather than a schedule

My model of research seems like it happens in hours-long continuous threads, rather than 30 min blocks (let alone blocks that you can specific in advance)

3
Pablo
2y
At least in my experience, there's nothing about research that requires engaging with it in "hours-long continuous threads"; what you do e.g. in a single two-hour session can be done in four half-hour sessions, on four successive days. I think the limiting factor is rather having sufficiently many concurrent (and non-time-sensitive) research projects that you can fill an entire workday with 30-minute slots each allocated to a different project. That may be challenging for some researchers, but it's really not a problem if you write encyclopedias for a living.

It seems that your main work is research (correct me if wrong), so I'm surprised you work in 30 min blocks

4
Pablo
2y
Yes, that is my main work. Could you elaborate on why you find this surprising?

Gee! Are there any other learnings you wish to add to this post?

4
Pablo
2y
Not Peter, but something I'd personally add is to schedule using 30-minute slots, unless the nature of the activity precludes it (e.g. attend a concert, fly to Nassau). The two main benefits I noticed from imposing this time limit are (1) being able to focus much more intensely on the task at hand and (2) being able to work, rather than procrastinate, on tasks I find aversive. Here is an example of someone who applies this kind of "timeboxing" for learning languages, although he uses 15-minute intervals (I haven't experimented much with different durations, and wouldn't be surprised if quarter-hour slots work even better than half-hour slots, though at some point the costs of context-switching and time-keeping will exceed the benefits of increased focus and motivation).

I got this sense, but I could be wrong--

Does it need to start big to get big? Could you start small-- just you, just one or a few articles perhaps? I.e. https://sive.rs/infinity

e.g. https://dynomight.net/ started pretty recently and is well-known now

1
Ben Williamson
2y
It could start small for sure! A cheap, maybe solo trial version would make good sense. I think the larger concept of the project benefits from scale though, to add credibility for interviewing people and a size of readership/ projection that could usefully compete for attention with current news sources on EA topics.

FYI when I read the title and skimmed the hover-preview (~first paragraph) of this essay, I didn't at all realize you meant psychological minimum

Fair enough! I have revised the title to include "self-care", which hopefully makes it clearer (the previous title, for later arrivals to this comment thread, was just "Aiming for the minimum is dangerous").

8[anonymous]2y
On a similar note, I actually parsed the title as the opposite of the intended meaning. That is, I thought the article was going to say that aiming for the minimum [amount of impact, or something else related like career capital] is dangerous, rather than that that aiming for the minimal amount of self-care is dangerous. 

On the form linked it might be nice to ask for some kind of rough expiration date. I.e. how long is this opportunity relevant-- a few days, a few months, indefinitely? This way hopefully you can automate the upkeep a bit.

Also would be great to turn this into a newsletter

The 'Education status' part of the form linked seems vague to me. E.g. Does "Who is this opportunity open to?: Undergraduate" mean in undergrad or to hold a bachelors? Moreover, what does "Recent Grad" mean? 

3
Tessa
2y
+1, distinguishing between "No degree requirement", "Bachelors", "Masters" all would be helpful. You could borrow from the 80k board and separate out the "Academic Degree" requirements from the "Relevant Experience" requirements (e.g. "< 1 Year", "1-2 years", "2 or more years")  

ok, what's your call to action- collaborators? funding? any specific questions you're looking for insight into?

3
Anthony Repetto
2y
Thanks for asking! I am looking for someone who can run a simulation of these 'humidity traps', at various scales of the design, to find the minimum size necessary to reliably generate a water spout; then, simulating the open waters of the Gulf and Caribbean with various densities of the humidity traps across the surface. With those two simulations, we can get a reasonable estimate of cost, as well as checking for potential problems in the larger climatic circulation. I am not looking for funding; I expect it would be impossible to make anything happen without approval and involvement of at least the state governments in impacted areas. And, they should pay for it; I don't see a need to pull philanthropic dollars away from other areas.

What edits have you (or anyone you know) made that seem to have been valuable?

6
DM
2y
As an example, look at this overview of the Wikipedia pages that Brian Tomasik has created and their associated pageview numbers (screenshot of the top 10 pages below). The pages created by Brian mostly cover very important (though fringe) topics and attract ~ 100,000 pageviews every year.  (Note that this overview ignores all the pages that Brian has edited but didn't create himself.)

Several EAs have accurately updated prominent individuals' bios (e.g., the profile of Michael Kremer) to highlight their founding roles in Giving What We Can — or other notable EA affiliations. 

I can't take credit for those additions, but think they are smart, consistent with the spirit of Wikipedia, and worthwhile.

Another point to add: It's possible that last-minute planning of a retreat might make some people (read: women) hesitant to suddenly spend a lot of time with people they don't know that well.

Answer by LakinNov 27, 202110
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FYI If finances are any constraint for you, community building is going to have a really hard time paying you much (as is the case for past and present full-time community builders).

1
Brad West
2y
Sure... It could start with just one person who made the commitment and then a network of people who channel their buying of whatever he or she sells through that person.

These kinds of things seem like they happen incrementally-- they evolve, rather than coming into being as the result of a grand plan. What is the simplest, quickest way you could make Version 0 of this exist today?

see https://sive.rs/infinity 

1
Brad West
2y
I suppose a grand plan might be necessary to begin the incremental development. For instance, someone might announce that they would be an Effective Altruist Producer. They would commit to transparently limiting their personal financial gain from their business to X amount. Then, the EA community would consciously direct whatever business they had in that area through that Effective Producer. The secret sauce here would be that communication would enable Effective Altruists to consciously direct the profits of their consumption. So, I guess a proof of concept might be a Life Insurance Salesman Effective Salesman in New York. We would have one Effective Altruist transparently contractually commit to devoting the proceeds of his sales to Effective Charities. Then, say that there are 10,000 Effective Altruists in New York who want to buy Life Insurance (just as part of their normal economic activity) which would end up yielding $1.5 million in commission for this Effective Altruist Agent, all but $50k will go directly toward Effective Charities. So, basically, counterfactual, $1.5 million that year of profit would be generated and probably not have gone to Effective Charities. Once such a proof of concept was done, we as an Effective Altruist community could recruit people in many spheres of economic life to be Altruistic Producers and then, through networking resources, direct as much as possible of our purchasing goods and services through Altruist Producers...

That said, I'm not sure I'd trust that anyone who just did one if those was really well acquainted with the ideas or way of thinking.

Yeah I would probably have more experienced community builders fly in to help out.

1
ChanaMessinger
2y
Sorry, I meant that if that was the only thing someone had done, it wouldn't have been enough engagement for me to trust they had a good foundation.

I think it's pretty weird that Melatonin is #1 in your list. I think it's weird to suggest exogenous supplementation of something like that without an explanation of why melatonin is low to begin with. The efficient market hypothesis, but applied to your own biochemistry. Chesterton's fence, etc.

The body isn't a machine- as if you can just give it the right amounts of the right compounds and it  will perform optimally.

It took me 112 seconds start-to-writing-this-comment for what it's worth. (Update the title accordingly maybe lol? I would've been more likely to click if you said '112s' than '30s'.)

9
WilliamKiely
2y
Some people wanted me to clarify that the "claiming" part of it takes less than a minute. I updated it to a range to hopefully satisfy both.

ty for the app! do you know of one for iOS?

On the vitamin D side: In I'm pretty skeptical of reductionist viewpoints in general such as here, ~"the single compound of 'vitamin D' placed into supplements has nearly the same effect as broad-spectrum UV on skin affects the body". I wouldn't be surprised if broad-spectrum UV had plenty of other effects that we have no idea how to look for, or for example if "UV → {this specific compound that is put in supplements}" is a poor approximation (maybe broad-spectrum UV causes the production of plenty of compounds that are also great, and we're only inclined ... (read more)

-1
RayTaylor
2y
The main effect is on training the subconscious to associate certain times of day and places with sleep, and other times/places with activity. 

Another structure I've been considering is converting the fellowship into a class. (At CMU student-taught classes are part of the culture and pretty common.) But I'm less excited about this than the idea I outlined in my other comment.

2
Aleksi Maunu
2y
We've also been toying around with this idea in Helsinki University and Aalto University, haven't done anything concrete yet though.

Hey Ashley, I'm glad someone else is thinking about this too. Here at CMU I've been thinking about this too, particularly because CMU students are so busy. I think we miss people who would otherwise be engaged because of the current structure of the intro fellowship.

What I've been thinking about is running something like an 'EA Expo Day' in the beginning of the semester. It would be a full day with talks and workshops with plenty of capacity. At the same time it would be early in the semester before students get busy. I have a hunch that more people would ... (read more)

3
ChanaMessinger
2y
I like the expo idea a lot; as I was reading I was thinking of whether there could be a retreat that doesn't involve going anywhere, a full Saturday or Sunday of talks, reading, researching, games, watching videos, having 1-1s, that people can drop into and out of. That said, I'm not sure I'd trust that anyone who just did one if those was really well acquainted with the ideas or way of thinking.

Yeah, time constraints as expected. I think I found the title of this post a bit strong then.

Also, I would be surprised if light exposure + Vitamin D approximates daytime sunlight at more than 50% effect.

1
Ben Williamson
2y
I think that's a fair point about the title and have changed it in light of that. I'm curious as to what you'd expect the other 50% of effect to come from? (no snarkiness intended)

recording oneself sleeping for snoring/sleep apnea seems huge. 

 

(sorry for the comment spam. I have lots more ideas too, feel free to email me, https://chrislakin.com/now.)

2
Yonatan Cale
2y
I have a friend who did this and discovered they stop breathing multiple times per night. Later they ordered an OuraRing and confirmed this. Easy way to check: The Sleep As Android app has a snoring-recording feature.

What about the effects of daytime sunlight on sleep? (I would be hesitant about confounding sunlight exposure with vitamin D supplementation, I think it's unlikely that they're equivalent.)

1
RayTaylor
2y
Being outside daytime and keeping the bedroom area for nighttime use are both known to be helpful which is why they are part of CBT sleep hygiene.  You're right that it's not linked to vitamin D, which is via the skin not the eye/pineal/melatonin circuit.

I'm surprised you haven't mentioned temperature. E.g. buying a chilipad brought down my night-time insomnia by ~80%. (And I live in the northeast, too!)

Recently I've moved my bed directly next to my air conditioner, which has been great

Have you investigated the effect of night-time darkness?

https://www.pnas.org/content/116/24/12019 

Also of blocking blue/green light? Though there's only a handful of studies

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7229994/ -  found a 58% increase in night-time melatonin (blocking just blue, though separately it might do well to block green too)

I think I have some more notes lying around somewhere if you need them

1
Ben Williamson
2y
Thanks for the suggestions! I think I may come back to this and expand the number of interventions I've reviewed and these are valuable suggestions that could well be worth promoting. Temperature and daytime sunlight are both somewhat mentioned in the article already but may be worthy of their own specific sections. I'd expect the benefits of daytime sunlight to roughly equal light exposure + Vitamin D. Given that, I think light therapy probably covers the majority of the positive effect but this likely warrants more specific research. With the larger project I'm working on in mind, there's a balance to be struck between research depth on a certain topic and breadth in the number of topics that I cover over the next few months, so there's definitely more depth that could be added to an article like this to improve it.
Answer by LakinNov 07, 20211
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it is hard to think of what is 'videoable/showy' while while also effective. it seems to be different objectives unfortunately, but maybe this works out better in the long run as that's how they get their audience

Would love if you could do this for the EA Intro Fellowship syllabus (e.g. here's one syllabus, but note that the syllabus is continuously updating between semesters and different universities use different syllabi)

I'm surprised no one else has mentioned: https://guzey.com/books/doing-good-better/

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