Russell–Einstein Manifesto

The Russell–Einstein Manifesto was a document issued in London on 9 July 1955 to alert the world about the threat of human extinction posed by nuclear weapons.

Drafted by Bertrand Russell, the document featured among its signatories some of the most eminent scientists of the time, including Max Born, Linus Pauling, and Albert Einstein, who signed it just days before his death. The manifesto was adopted as the founding document of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs.