So perhaps the idea behind your first bullet point from the Economist is that a balanced power dynamic reduces either side's credence that conflict will help their position?

Yes, that's right! 

And the follow up points about China's economic influence tilt the balance in China's favour, thereby raising again the chances of conflict? 

Yes, but it's more like China's economic influence has tilted the balance in China's favour for some years now (i.e. Belt & Road Initiative). It's only  recently with AUKUS that there's more of a balance between China and the US overall. 

However, in terms of economic  influence, China still has a stronger foothold in ASEAN than the US. 

Hi Alexander, thanks for writing this up!

Some context. I used to use Anki for 1-2 years. Completed the "Learning How to Learn" MOOC and read the book it was based on. Taught 13-16 year olds math and English for 2 years. Conducted EA presentations in Malaysia and previously in Singapore. Currently running EA Virtual Programs (I noticed that you're in the intro program!). FYI, my opinions are mine and not CEA's.

 In conjunction with "learning how to learn better",  "learning how to prioritise which learning strategy works for specific scenarios" seems just as important. It's really hard to know:

1. The value of information
2. The value of easy retrieval of information beforehand. 

I think for many of the us, time is likely one of the biggest bottlenecks to better learning. For example, I really really want to apply a lot of the meta-learning tools when I'm reading The Happiness Trap, but I intuitively chose to just do two things only:

1. Read and take summarised notes.
2. Write down how I want to practice the ACT therapy techniques from the book.   

In my case, I don't think doing deep learning  (e.g. writing notes, creating space repetition notes, reflect, do exercises, discuss, etc) is what I needed considering how busy life is for me now. My end goal is to be more sustainable mental health wise, and I want to apply the tools I've read in the book. It seems like the value of information is high here for achieving my goal, but the value of easy retrieval of information is low because I don't know how I'm going to use it or when I'm going to use it.

But again it's hard to know whether a certain information is valuable and should be easily retrievable. One failure mode that could happen is not being able to make a connection with something else important because I didn't do enough deep learning. Like if I didn't understand the concept of "cognitive fusion" fully, I might be forgoing a potential connection with another therapy technique that can help me better.  But it's really hard to know for sure beforehand.

Applying this to EA VP, I wonder if there are certain key learning outcomes that participants should really internalise and do a lot of deep learning; and, whether there are other learning outcomes that are less important that reading and remembering fuzzy impressions of it is enough for most participants.  

That makes me think that we should try to be clear as much as we can with the value of information and  the value of easy retrieval of information for most of our learning outcomes so that participants can say, for example, "oh EA VP says X is super important and will likely need it in future work, so I should do more deep learning here. And Y isn't so important, so I'll just read it."  

Besides these two things, I wonder if there's a simpler heuristic for choosing when one should prioritise doing deep learning versus prioritise doing shallow learning. Or something in the middle, which is the likelier case. 

I think this sounds right! This makes me feel like we should also pay particular attention to making the facilitator experience is great too. 

Organising local intro EA programs can also be a great Task Y candidate. 

Hi Michael!

I'm interested in running a local in-person program at my university from September to October with the virtual program as overflow capacity, in case our capacity for in-person cohorts isn't enough to accept all quality applicants. Would that setup be possible?

Yes, just direct people who are not able to join your local program to EA VP's website! And tell them to state in the application form that they want to be in a cohort with other people from the same uni.  

Also, is there a reason that the program is no longer called a fellowship?

I spoke to Emma about this, so here's what I gathered:

When we think about fellowships, we generally think about programs that are highly selective, are intensive, has funding, has various supports and opportunities (example 1, example 2). It sounds misleading when we use the term of "fellowship" and that's bad for EA's reputation so we use "programs" instead.

I didn't ask whether locally organised programs should also have the same naming conventions, so I'm still clarifying this.

This might just be an extension of the "community building" aptitudes, but here's another potential aptitude.

"Education and training" aptitudes

Basic profile: helping people absorb crucial ideas and the right skills efficiently, so that we can reduce talent/skills bottlenecks in key areas.

Examples:

Introductory EA program, in-depth EA fellowship, The Precipice reading group, AI safety programmes, alternative protein programmes, operations skills retreat, various workshops organised in EAGs/EAGxs, etc

How to try developing this aptitude:

I'll split these into three areas: (a) pedagogical knowledge, (b) content knowledge, and (c) operations.

(a) Pedagogical knowledge

This specific knowledge you learn and skills you develop to teach effectively or help others learn more effectively. Examples: breaking down learning objectives into digestible chunks, how to design effective engaging learning experience, creating and presenting content, (EDIT) how to measure whether your students are actually learning .

This could be applied to classroom/workshop settings, reading and discussion groups, career guides, online courses, etc

You can pick up knowledge and skills either 
- formally: teaching courses, meta-learning courses, teaching assistant 
- or informally: helping others learn

(b) Content knowledge

This is knowledge specific to the domain you want others to learn. If you're teaching English alphabets, you need to know what it is (symbols that you can rearrange to create meanings and associations with physical or abstract things), why it's relevant (so you have a similar language with others to learn and communicate with), and how to apply it ("m"+"o"+"m" is mom!).

It's sometimes not necessary that you're an expert in this, but it helps a lot if you are above average at it.

(c) Operations
A big (but sometimes forgotten) part of organising classrooms, discussion groups, or workshops is that it needs to smooth (or within an expected parameter) to reduce any friction in the learning experience. It also helps that you understand the different trade-offs of running an education project (i.e. quality of learning vs. student's capacity vs. educator's capacity vs. financial cost).

You can pick up knowledge and skills either 
- formally: operations courses, project management courses, productivity books
- or informally: learning from "that friend who usually get things done and is generally reliable"

On track?

It's hard to generalise since there's so many different models (e.g. classroom, online courses, discussion groups) of how to educate/train a person, and each different model requires a different way of thinking.  Here's my rough take on this: 

Level 1: you get positive feedback from others when you had to explain and teach a certain topic informally (e.g. with friends over dinner, homework group, helping students as a teaching assistant during office hours).

Level 2: you get positive feedback when facilitating discussions.

Level 3: you get positive feedback when teaching a workshop.

Level 4 (you're likely on track here): you get positive feedback when teaching and running a course, online course, or lecture series with more than 50 participants

Looking at the comments, it seems like CEA has changed a lot over the years! 

This may be too broad, but in CEA's list of team values, what has CEA as a whole done well in? And which ones do you think the team wants to prioritise improving on? 

You've made some good points that I didn't get to write in our forum post, and I've made an edit to direct readers to your comment. 

Hi Jamie!

Looking at your methodology though, it seems as if you were attempting to essentially redo EA cause prioritisation research to date from scratch in a short timeframe?

My guess of the most useful process would have been to just take some of the most commonly / widely recommended EA cause areas (and maybe a couple of other contenders) and try to clarify how they seem more or less promising in the Malaysian context specifically.

If you agree with my characterisation of your process, with the benefit of hindsight, would you recommend that other national groups follow your methodology or my suggested alternative?

Yes I agree. I think national groups should highly consider that their first iteration of local priorities research be that - taking recommended EA cause areas and conducting shallow research on them. 

That's what we did EA Singapore, although not in a very deliberate way. Once that's out of the way, it saved a lot of time for deeper, more useful research.  Here are the reasons why I think EA Malaysia chose to do this instead: (a) we wanted to test out a methodology, (b) we want to have a stronger consensus in our team when many felt some non-EA recommended areas should be included, and (c) we wanted to be sure we didn't miss any potential promising cause areas out. 

I don't think they are good reasons per say, but I just wanted to put them out there. 

what sorts of considerations do you think differ between Malaysia and other contexts in which these questions have been considered, if any?

I'm not sure if I understood your question correctly, so please do let me know if I didn't.  

I don't think there's any significant considerations that are different, since most of these considerations (or the specific methodology) are from Charity Entrepreneurship. If I were to compare CE's methodologies to other methodologies used by other organisations, I imagine it would be significantly different. 

Hi Zeshen! I'll be answering you from my own personal capacity, so my views are not EA Malaysia's.  

I'm wondering if we have good reliable statistics on causes of deaths in the country (death being a proxy for suffering), and we could look into the categories of avoidable deaths (e.g. curable illnesses)

For health specific statistics, I've used information from IHME. For animal consumption, I've used data from FAO. 

and whether those areas are receiving enough support / funding.

It's a bit tough finding exact information about this. I did find one example from this report on the Lancet. 

mental health spending (RM344·82 million or 1% of the health budget) remains below the average spending on mental health of upper-middle-income countries. 

Also, from a poverty perspective, I'm curious if we have an idea how many Malaysians live in hardcore poverty and what can be done to get them out of it.

I have only done a bit of research on poverty, but my intuition tells me that Khazanah Research Institute probably has some information about this.  One of the top Google search results is this report, which I find helpful in dealing with the "where is Malaysia's poverty line issue" that you may have seen in the news sometimes. 

Also, what exactly is EA Malaysia's role as compared to EA global? I can imagine that global issues such as climate change and AI existential risks are also being heavily looked at by EA global and others, and depending on the issue, EA Malaysia's involvement could be either independent, complementary, or redundant. 

I love how you framed the outcomes of our involvement. I might even add, "destructive", which is different from "redundant" - our involvement could caused more harm than good.   

Ideally, we want to be complementary, if working on a certain thing is not our comparative advantage. For example, I would imagine top AI governance research institutions elsewhere have a better comparative advantage than Malaysia's; this would mean that Malaysian wanting to work in this space using EA's perspective but still want to be in Malaysia, would probably have the most impact in localising AI governance research from elsewhere into policy recommendations. 

I don't feel confident giving specific recommendations on reduce risk of doing redundant or destructive work, and increase the chance of doing complementary work. My only intuition to this is to over-coordinate (or coordinate more than you're used to).