Just to clarify since I see you are new and you didn't mention it by name: Are you familiar with Givewell? It's a fairly well-respected organization in the EA community, and people can simply donate money to Givewell for them to allocate to the most effective charities.

Also, I want to push back on one of your potential assumptions: I'm not so confident that people donate to less-effective charities primarily as a result of "laziness", nor am I convinced that it's accurate to broadly say that "many people seem to not care who or what receives their donations." I can't read the full article that you cite, but its abstract does explicitly say "donors often support organisations that promote their own preferences, that help people with whom they feel some affinity and that support causes that relate to their own life experiences", which almost seems like the opposite of your interpretation. Regardless, I think it's probably more accurate to say that many people are not actually motivated by some impersonal desire to "maximize good" and instead are influenced by a variety of desires (and habits, aversions, etc.), including how donating makes them feel.

Thus, you might get many people donating to a seeing eye dog charity instead of the Fred Hollows Foundation not because they're actually trying to maximize how much they help other people but rather because, e.g., they've personally interacted with seeing eye dogs or such services have helped a family member, and thus donating to those charities gives them just as much if not more "warm fuzzies" as would donating to something far more effective at mitigating/preventing blindness like the Fred Hollows Foundation.

And if learning about the Fred Hollows Foundation would make them feel less happy about donating to guide dog charities (e.g., "yeah, I guess these charities actually are ineffective, I'm just donating to make myself feel better") then it might even be instrumentally rational to not be intellectually curious about better alternatives.