"Since effective altruism is committed to whatever would maximise the social good, it might for example turn out to support anti-capitalist revolution." (Srinivasan 2015)
In this peer-reviewed article for Moral Philosophy and Politics, I explore this suggestion. This connects with my EA forum piece 'Why not socialism?' but is more thorough and more focused on longtermism in particular.
ABSTRACT: Capitalism is defined as the economic structure in which decisions over production are largely made by or on behalf of individuals in virtue of their private property ownership, subject to the incentives and constraints of market competition. In this paper, I will argue that considerations of long-term welfare, such as those developed by Greaves and MacAskill (2021), support anticapitalism in a weak sense (reducing the extent to which the economy is capitalistic) and perhaps support anticapitalism in a stronger sense (establishing an alternative economic structure in which capitalism is not predominant). I hope to encourage longtermists to give anticapitalism serious consideration, and to encourage anticapitalists to pursue criticisms of capitalism’s efficiency as well as its injustices.
For what it's worth, it is the mainstream view among economists that we should tax or regulate the market in order to address market failures. Yet most economists would not consider themselves "anticapitalist". Using that term when what you mean is something more similar to "well-regulated capitalism" seems quite misleading.
Perhaps the primary distinction between anticapitalists and mainstream economists is that anticapitalists often think we should have very heavy taxation or outright wealth confiscation from rich people, even if this would come at the expense of aggregate utilitarian welfare, because they prioritize other values such as fairness or equality. Since EA tends to be rooted in utilitarian moral theories, I think they should generally distance themselves from this ideology.