I personally find video game speedrunning a pretty useful intuition pump for what it might look like for an AI to do things in the real world. Seeing the skill-ceiling in games feels like it has helped me calibrate on how crazy things could get if you have much faster-thinking and faster-acting Artificial Intelligence. 

This isn't quite what you're looking for because it's more a partial analogy of the phenomenon you point to rather than a realistic depiction, but FWIW I found this old short story by Eliezer Yudkowsky quite memorable.

PS: A few good examples I can think of off the top of my head (although they're not particularly realistic in relation to current AI tech):

• The space battle scenes in the Culture science fiction novels by Iain M. Banks, in which the ship 'Minds' (super advanced AIs) fight so fast using mostly beam weapons that the battles are typically over in a few seconds, long before their human crews have any idea what's happening. https://spacebattles-factions-database.fandom.com/wiki/Minds 
• The scene in Avengers: Age of Ultron in which Ultron wakes up, learns human history, defeats Jarvis, escapes into the Internet, and starts manufacturing robot copies of itself within a few seconds: 

• The scenes in Mandalorian TV series where the IG-11 combat robot is much faster than the humanoid storm troopers: 

"The Bobiverse" series is lighthearted and generally techno-optimistic, but does portray this in a way that seems accurate to me.