What questions could COVID-19 provide evidence on that would help guide future EA decisions?

What lessons can be drawn from these events for how much to trust governments, mainstream experts, news sources, EAs, rationalists, mathematical modelling by people without domain-specific expertise, etc.? What lessons can be drawn for debates about inside vs outside views, epistemic modesty, etc.?

E.g., I think these events should probably update me somewhat further towards:

• expecting governments to think and/or communicate quite poorly about low-probability, high-stakes events.
• believing in something like, or a moderate form of, "Rationalist/EA exceptionalism"
• trusting inside-views that seem clever even if they're from non-experts and I lack the expertise to evaluate them

But I'm still wary of extreme versions of those conclusions. And I also worry about something like a "stopped clock is right twice a day" situation - perhaps this was something like a "fluke", and "early warnings" from the EA/rationalist community would typically not turn out to seem so prescient.

(I believe there’s been a decent amount discussion of this sort of thing on LessWrong.)

Some people have previously suggested that "warning shots" in the form of things somewhat like, but less extreme than, global or existential catastrophes could increase the extent to which people prepare for future GCRs and existential risks.

What evidence does/did COVID-19, reactions to it, and reactions to it that seem likely to occur in future provide for or against that idea?

And what evidence do these things give about how well society generalises the lesson from such warning shots? E.g., does/will society from COVID-19 that it’s important to make substantial preparations for other types of low-likelihood, high-stakes possibilities like AI risk? This could be seen as trying to gather more evidence (or at least thoughts) relevant to the following statement from Nick Beckstead (2015):

Overspecificity of reactions to warning shots: It may be true that, e.g., the 1918 flu pandemic served as a warning shot for more devastating pandemics that happened in the future. For example, it frequently gets invoked in support of arguments for enhancing biosecurity. But it seems significantly less true that the 1918 flu pandemic served as a warning shot for risks from nuclear weapons, and it is not clear that the situation would change if one were talking about a pandemic more severe than the 1918 flu pandemic.

Some people have suggested that one way to have a major, long-term influence on the world is for an intellectual movement to develop a body of ideas and have adherents to those ideas in respected positions (e.g., university professorships, high-level civil service or political staffer roles), with these ideas likely lying dormant for a while, but then potentially being taken up when there are major societal disruptions of some sort. I’ve heard these described as making sure there are good ideas “lying around” when an unexpected crisis occurs.

As an example, Kerry Vaughan describes how stagflation “helped to set the stage for alternatives to Keynesian theories to take center stage.” He also quotes Milton Freedman as saying: “the role of thinkers, I believe, is primarily to keep options open, to have available alternatives, so when the brute force of events make a change inevitable, there is an alternative available to change it.”

What evidence did COVID-19, reactions to it, and reactions that seem likely to occur in future, provide for or against these ideas? For example:

• Was there a major appetite in governments for lasting changes that EA-aligned (or just very sensible and forward-thinking) civil servants were able to seize upon?
• Were orgs like FHI, CSER, and GCRI, or other aligned academics, called upon by governments, media, etc., in a way that (a) seemed to depend on them having spent years developing rigorous versions of ideas about GCRs, x-risks, etc., and (b) seems likely to shift narratives, decisions, etc. in a lasting way?

And to more precisely inform future decisions, it’d be good to get some sense of:

• How likely is it that similar benefits could’ve been seized by people “switching into” those pathways, roles, etc. during the crisis, without having built up the credibility, connections, research, etc. in advance?
• If anyone did manage to influence substantial changes that seem likely to last, what precise factors, approaches, etc. seemed to help them do so?
• Were there apparent instances where someone was almost able to influence such a change? If so, what seemed to block them? How could we position ourselves in future to avoid such blockages?

Will governments and broader society now adequately prioritise pandemics, or some subset of them such as natural pandemics or respiratory disease pandemics? Does this mean that pandemics (or that subset) is mostly “covered”, and thus that “the EA portfolio” should move instead towards other things (e.g., any still overlooked types of pandemics, towards other x-risks, etc.)?

Conversely, should EA now place more emphasis on pandemics, because the “window” or “appetite” for people to work on such matters is currently larger than normal? If so, how long will that last? (E.g., if someone is just starting their undergrad, should they plan with that window/appetite in mind, or should they assume attention will shift away again by the time they’re in a position to take relevant roles.)