Professor Katherina Hauck at Imperial College London is modelling the return on investment of generally improved pandemic preparedness for a few countries. The paper isn't out yet, but a lecture on the modelling is available at https://www.cgdev.org/event/what-return-investment-pandemic-preparedness

Building on her work, it would be useful for economists to model the return on investment of specific pandemic preparedness interventions and of interventions in more countries, and ideally produce interactive models where policymakers can adjust inputs and generate new estimates of ROI. This would be very helpful for biosecurity policy advocacy.

I don't have a strong view on how this compares to other EA aligned things economists can do.