We discuss the issue of rodent suffering and the likelihood of rodent birth control kicking off, touch on what some of the challenges are along the way in promoting its usage by governments, and delve deep into some of the tricky questions people have about wild animal welfare such as the ethics of killing carnivorous animals and how to know if an intervention does more good than harm with the limited knowledge we have so far. We are joined by Holly Elmore who currently is a Researcher at Rethink Priorities, an Effective Altruism Think Tank, where she researches wild animal welfare. She completed her PhD at Harvard in Evolutionary Biology where she was also the President of the Harvard University Effective Altruism student group. She has written a lot about rodent welfare and what we should do to humanely solve the problem of rodent infestation.