I've been researching the potential impacts of a Carrington-level event, but am unable to find credible research describing the cost of hardening the globe against these risks. Specifically, no literature exists that describes the cost to fund an international agency or an international project to build societal resilience.
Can someone with sound methodology and sufficient qualifications explain how to either estimate this number or what this number would be?
Thank you! I'm a big fan of your work on nuclear war resilience.
While this article is pretty good about describing what costs are imposed by solar flares, it doesn't get at the cost of hardening. Do you think there is an actual numerical estimate anywhere?