Summary

• Very tentatively, I estimate:
  • Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are the 2 people among the 10 richest in the world whose donations have achieved the most social impact.
  • The social impact of the donations of the 10 richest people in the world is equivalent to donating 172 M$ to the Longtermism Fund.
• This analysis is very (too?) shallow. I encourage you to get in touch with Elliot Olds in case you would like to be involved in the project proposed here.

Methods

I have collected 65 donations made by the 10 richest people in the world, on 25 December 2022 according to this page from Forbes. I used the following sources, which I last checked on 25 December 2022:

• The Chronicle of Philanthropy.
• The Wikipedia pages of the donors.
• Philanthropic Big Bets Database: US Donors 2015 to 2020.

I have included donations made together with partners, but excluded pledges. For the Wikipedia pages, I disregarded donations whose specific year or amount was unclear.

I set the cost-effectiveness of the donations in terms of increasing the expected value of the future. I only defined non-null values for those to:

• The Future of Life Institute, which I set to the 3.95 bp/G$ I estimated here for the spending of the effective altruism community on longtermism and catastrophic risk prevention.
• The Bezos Earth Fund, which I set to 10 % of the 0.640 bp/G$ I estimated here for Founders Pledge’s Climate Change Fund.

I assumed null cost-effectiveness for the other donations due to very tentatively thinking they are neither robustly beneficial nor harmful. Feel free to check this post to get a sense of why I think this also applies to donations in the area of global health and development.

Results

The table below contains the amount, social impact, and cost-effectiveness of the donations I collected, listed by descending social impact^[1]. The calculations and data are in this Sheet.

Discussion

Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk top the list. This is in agreement with my prior expectations. However, the present analysis is very (too?) shallow:

• My data are very incomplete. For example:
  • Forbes claims here that:
    • Bill Gates has donated 33.4 G$, but only 67.1 % (= 20.4/33.4) of this was captured in the sources I have used.
    • Warren Buffet has donated 46.1 G$, but only 2.33 % (= 1.08/33.4) of this was captured in the sources I have used.
  • This article from The Art Newspaper suggests Bernard Arnault donated 0.2 G$ to Fondation Notre Dame.
• My cost-effectiveness estimates have very low resilience:
  • I only spent about 5 s setting the cost-effectiveness of each donation, guessing it based solely on the name of the recipient.
  • So I assumed the cost-effectiveness to be null whenever it was not obviously net positive or negative from my very quick impression.

The social impact of 0.680 bp I estimated for the donations of the 10 richest people in the world is equivalent to donating 172 M$ (= 0.680/3.95*10^3) to the Longtermism Fund, supposing its cost-effectiveness is 3.95 bp/G$ as I estimated here for the spending of the effective altruism community on longtermism and catastrophic risk prevention.

Another shallow analysis was published here by Nuño Sempere, and a proposal for a more detailed one was presented here by Elliot Olds.

1. ^{^}

    In case of null social impact, I listed the names by descending amount donated. If this was also null, I listed the names alphabetically. ND stands for not defined.