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[Speaking in a personal capacity]
It doesn't answer all your questions, but you might find this interesting: https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/trusted-evaluators
On that page, you can find the current "trusted evaluators" according to GWWC, and at the bottom "a tentative list of additional charitable giving experts we are considering investigating in 2023".
As for your questions, to the best of my understanding
1) Here's a list from @Sjir Hoeijmakers https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1OSv9vkW0UkTyOuwOnYZeFfiZT8hrF8DSvUIwKKfh95A/edit#gid=0 (You can look at the ones that are marked as "Funding opportunity supplier"). I don't know which ones you would consider "EA-aligned", I don't think there's a strong consensus on what's "EA-aligned"
2) This is a very deep topic that I'm not an expert in, but you might find this post useful: Measuring Good Better. Here's the video version:
As far as I personally see it, there are two kinds of differences between evaluators:
3) I don't know much about them, but until recently I think they were focusing less on impact (the results of the charities) and more on things like the organization's transparency, overheads, and culture. By a quick skim on their website, it seems that they don't recommend the most impactful donation opportunities, but rate charities across a range of metrics.